GATE 2024 Question 39: Data types and panel data

Consider a simple pooled regression model: $y_{it} = \beta_0+\beta_1x_{it}+v_{it}$ where $v_{it}=\mu_i+\epsilon_{it}$ and $Cov(x_{it},\mu_i)\ne 0$. Here, $\mu_i$ captures the unknown individual specific effects and $\epsilon_{it}$ is the idiosyncratic error uncorrelated with both $x_{it}$ and $\mu_i$. If the parameters of this model are estimated using the ordinary least squares (OLS) method, then the estimated slope coefficient will be